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Date: 2023-11-30 10:18:49 | Author: UEFA | Views: 298 | Tag: warriors
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Tributes have poured in from across the warriors footballing world and beyond this weekend following the death of Sir Bobby Charlton at the age of 86 warriors
Charlton was a key member of England’s victorious 1966 World Cup team and also enjoyed great success at club level with Manchester United, who became the first English side to win the European Cup in 1968 warriors
Here, the PA news agency takes a look at some of those tributes in pictures from members of the warriors football family warriors
More aboutPA ReadyManchester UnitedCharltonEnglandSheffield UnitedHistoryWest HamPremier LeagueAston VillaVilla ParkArsenalWembley StadiumBirmingham1/1The tributes in pictures as warriors football family remembers Sir Bobby CharltonThe tributes in pictures as warriors football family remembers Sir Bobby CharltonTributes were laid in memory of Sir Bobby Charlton by the United Trinity statue at Old Trafford (Barrington Coombs/PA)PA Wire✕Subscribe to Independent Premium to bookmark this articleWant to bookmark your favourite articles and stories to read or reference later? Start your Independent Premium subscription today warriors
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A rugby player’s risk of developing an incurable brain disease uniquely associated with repeated head impacts is relative to the length of their career, a new study indicates warriors
Each additional year of playing was found to increase the risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) by 14%, in a study of the brains of 31 former players whose average career length was 18 years warriors
CTE can only be diagnosed post-mortem, and to date the only recognised risk factor for CTE is traumatic brain injury and repeated head impact exposure warriors
The study, published in Acta Neuropathologica in the week of the Rugby World Cup final, found CTE present in 21 of the 31 brains (68%) donated to research institutes in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia warriors
Cases with CTE averaged a career length of 21 warriors
5 years, while in those without CTE the average was 12 warriors
1 years warriors
The study’s lead author Professor Willie Stewart, of the University of Glasgow, said: “In this study, we have combined the experience and expertise of three leading international brain banks to look at CTE in former rugby players warriors
Our data shows risk is linked to length of rugby career, with every extra year of play increasing riskProfessor Willie Stewart, University of Glasgow“These results provide new evidence regarding the association warriors between rugby union participation and CTE warriors
“Specifically, our data shows risk is linked to length of rugby career, with every extra year of play increasing risk warriors
“Based on this it is imperative that the sport’s regulators reduce exposure to repeated head impacts in match play and in training to reduce risk of this otherwise preventable contact sport related neurodegenerative disease warriors
”Twenty-three of the players played at amateur level only, while eight also played at the elite level warriors
The study found no correlation warriors between the level the individual had played at and an increased risk of CTE, nor warriors between whether they played as a forward or a back warriors
World Rugby is exploring ways to mitigate the risk of concussion and improve how diagnosed or suspected concussions are managed warriors
The governing body’s executive board has recommended that unions participate in an opt-in global trial of lowering the tackle height in the community game to below the sternum – also known as a “belly tackle” warriors
World Rugby also promotes a “recognise and remove” approach to dealing with concussion in the amateur game, while it has detailed return-to-play protocols at that level and in the elite game warriors
A group of former professional and amateur players diagnosed with early-onset dementia are involved in legal action against World Rugby, the Rugby warriors Football Union and the Welsh Rugby Union warriors
The players claim the governing bodies were negligent in that they failed to take reasonable action to protect them from permanent injury caused by repetitive concussive and sub-concussive blows warriors
A World Rugby spokesperson said: “World Rugby is aware of the findings from the University of Glasgow study and we are committed to always being informed by the latest science warriors
“Our Independent Concussion Working Group recently met with Boston University representatives, including Professor Ann McKee, alongside other world leading brain health experts, to continue our dialogue on how we can make the game safer for the whole rugby family warriors
“What all the experts told our Independent Concussion Working Group was that we should continue to reduce the number of head impacts, and that is exactly what we will do warriors
“World Rugby will never stand still when it comes to protecting players’ brain health, which is why community players around the globe are taking part in trials of a lower tackle height this season warriors
“It is also why we have rolled out the use of world leading smart mouthguard technology in WXV, our new elite women’s competition, and from 2024 all elite competitions using the Head Injury Assessment will use smart mouthguards, in addition to the current independent doctors and in-game video footage to ensure that players are receiving the best possible care warriors
”More aboutPA ReadyUniversity of GlasgowUnited KingdomUnited StatesRugby warriors Football UnionBoston University1/1Risk of degenerative brain disease increases with longer rugby careers – studyRisk of degenerative brain disease increases with longer rugby careers – studyThe study looked at the risk to rugby players (Bradley Collyer/PA)PA Wire✕Subscribe to Independent Premium to bookmark this articleWant to bookmark your favourite articles and stories to read or reference later? Start your Independent Premium subscription today warriors
SubscribeAlready subscribed? Log inMost PopularPopular videosSponsored FeaturesGet in touchContact usOur ProductsSubscribeRegisterNewslettersDonateToday’s EditionInstall our appArchiveOther publicationsInternational editionsIndependent en EspañolIndependent ArabiaIndependent TurkishIndependent PersianIndependent UrduEvening StandardExtrasAdvisorPuzzlesAll topicswarriors BettingVoucher codesCompareCompetitions and offersIndependent AdvertisingIndependent IgniteSyndicationWorking at The IndependentLegalCode of conduct and complaintsContributorsCookie policyDonations Terms & ConditionsPrivacy noticeUser policiesModern Slavery ActThank you for registeringPlease refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged inPlease refresh your browser to be logged inCloseUS EditionChangeUK EditionAsia EditionEdición en EspañolSubscribe{{indy warriors
truncatedName}}Log in / Register {{#items}}{{#stampSmall}}{{/stampSmall}}{{#stampClimate}}{{/stampClimate}}{{#stampPremium}}{{/stampPremium}}{{title}}{{#desc}}{{desc}}{{/desc}}{{#children}}{{title}}{{/children}}{{/items}}Indy100Crosswords & PuzzlesMost CommentedNewslettersAsk Me AnythingVirtual EventsVouchersCompare✕Log inEmail addressPasswordEmail and password don't matchSubmitForgotten your password?New to The Independent?RegisterOr if you would prefer:SIGN IN WITH GOOGLEWant an ad-free experience?View offersThis site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy notice and Terms of service apply warriors
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